Astrocytoma
Astrocytoma is the second most common malignant glioma (cancer
of the glia or neuroglia - a type of tissue that surrounds and
supports the nerve cells in the brain). It comprises approximately
30% of all gliomas and is commonly found in children (with peak
age between 5 and 8 years old). However, it can occur at any age,
with higher incidence in males.
Astrocytoma lesion can originate in any part of the central nervous
system, but usually occurs in the white matter of the cerebral
hemispheres of the brain. Cerebellar astrocytoma is usually confined
to one hemisphere.
Symptoms
The symptoms of astrocytoma include:
- Headache
- Changes in mental activity or ability
- Decreased motor strength and coordination
- Stumbling to one side
- Seizure
- Changes in speech
- Vomiting
The change in symptoms can actually help doctors determine the
location of the tumor. For instance:
| Location |
Symptoms
|
| Third ventricle |
- Changes in mental activity
- Loss of consciousness
- Nausea
- Sluggish reflex
- Ataxia (loss of coordinated movement)
|
| |
|
| Brain stem and pons |
- Facial nerve palsy or paralysis, often accompanied by
loss of sensation and uncontrollable tremor
- Tremor
- Ataxia
|
| |
|
| Third or fourth ventricle, and aqueduct of Sylvius |
- Secondary hydocephalus (abnormal accumulation of fluid
in the cerebral ventricles)
|
| |
|
| Thalamus, hypothalamus |
- Endocrine hormone changes
- Metabolic changes
- Behavioral changes
|
Treatment
Low-grade cystic cerebellar astrocytoma can be treated by surgery
(although repeated surgeries may be necessary). Some astrocytomas
are also susceptible to radiation, and can be treated with radiation
therapy. The obstructed cerebrospinal fluid pathway may also need
to be diverted.
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